The Containment Approach to Managing Sexual Offenders in the Community:  A Practitioner’s Guide

 

by Charles F. Edson, Robert G. Lundell and David R. Robinson

            © 2007

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Practitioner’s Guide to Sex Offender Management

 

 

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To purchase copies of this Guide please contact:

 

Just Service

635 Main St.

Klamath Falls, OR.  97601

541-884-3398

JustService@charter.net

 

 

This Manual is intended for professionals and qualified practitioners in programs which supervise and treat sexual offenders.  All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express permission of the authors.

 

Those who purchase this Guide may digitally copy the forms from the CD ROM provided with this publication and edit, reproduce, and  employ them to manage offenders within the scope of their practices.

 

 

A share of profits from the sale of this Guide will be donated to programs serving victims of sexual offenses.

 

Foreword

This Guide advocates the Containment Approach applied to convicted sexual offenders who have been sentenced to the program described herein.  The authors of this manual represent the fields responsible for managing sexual offenders utilizing the Containment Approach.  These fields include community corrections (probation and parole), psychotherapy and polygraphy. Mr. Edson represents community corrections, Mr. Lundell is a polygraph examiner, and Mr. Robinson is a psychotherapist.  Each author has more than 25 years of experience utilizing the Containment Approach as systemic sexual offender management model. 

It is our intention that this manual will fill a public service need by presenting operational tools for practitioners (probation/parole officers, therapists and polygraph examiners) to utilize in their daily work with a community-based sexual offender population. 

Further, we hope that this manual will assist individuals, agencies, communities and states interested in the application of this paradigm. This undertaking will require support from the public, legislators, courts, prosecutors, police, community corrections, therapists and polygraph examiners; most especially it will require commitment from all professionals working together to implement this effective management model. 

For the three fields we discuss here (probation/parole officers, polygraph examiners and therapists), we intend to promote understanding and cooperation.  This manual is not a complete resource; individual professionals practicing these disciplines will need to become informed on subject areas we have otherwise omitted.  Our aspiration is that this Guide provides sufficient knowledge in a manner that criminal justice professionals and interested lay persons may successfully implement the Containment Approach in their communities.  

We do not discuss pre-adjudicated cases; in fact, we advocate not using the Containment Approach with this population.  Although this model has been applied successfully with females and juveniles, we do not specifically review those practices within this Guide. Our discussions address male offenders who have molested prepubescent children and pubescent children, sexually assaulted adult females, public indecency offenders, purveyors of child pornography, and other sexual paraphilics who have been sentenced to enter and complete sex offender therapy. 

Also, we do not include how community corrections agencies might design requests for proposals and manage contracts for sex offender therapists and polygraph examiners.  Lastly, the Containment Approach paradigm is not designed to be a “one size fits all” application. Therefore, professionals utilizing information in this Guide will need to modify particular details and aspects of our recommendations to address unique community and individual clients’ needs. 

We advocate this use of the Containment Approach system to promote public safety, especially to prevent further sexual offenses.  For those who share our commitment to sexual offense reduction we include the following content areas in this manual: 

 

·  History, theory and research as background and evidence of the efficacy of this systemic model.

·  Managing polygraph examinations and forthcoming disclosure information when utilizing a polygraph as a procedural management tool.

·  Collaboration and case management in the context of Relapse Prevention using the Containment Approach.

 

The Guide, besides this introduction, is organized in four separate sections as follows (or skip forward to Table of Contents):

 

I.                            Theory, the Model, Strategy and Research.  Chapter 1 provides the historical, philosophical and theoretical contexts from the fields of corrections, therapy and polygraph. Chapter 2 describes the Containment Model. Chapter 3 presents the case management procedures used to implement Relapse Prevention strategies. Chapter 4 presents research supporting the models’ “Evidence-Based” utility.

 

II.                          Application and Method.  This is the substantive or “hands on” portion of the Guide.  This section begins with the legal foundations of the approach as it is used in Oregon (Chapter 1).  Chapter 2 gives an overview of the types of polygraph tests used in the Containment Approach.  “Exploratory tests” is our term for a hallmark of the Containment Approach. This chapter also offers recommendations as to how to identify a competent examiner.  Chapters 3 and Chapter 4 review Phases One and Phase Two of the model. Chapter 5 discusses correction sanctions and their utility in breaking down offenders’ denial mechanisms. Chapter 6 covers Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Chapter 7 describes Interventions to Reduce and Redirect Deviant Sexual Interest/Arousal.

 

III.                        Collaboration, Conclusions & Suggestions for Further Research.  Chapter 1 begins with comments concerning Community Collaboration.  Information in this chapter is intended to assist communities, criminal justice agencies and other organizations in their interactions with sexual offenders, as well as providing information to enhance cooperation (collaboration) when administering this model.  Some of our observations apply to the larger community and problems that often arise there. Chapter 2 lists our conclusions. In addition, we offer suggestions for further research to increase understanding and hopefully improve program efficacy to reduce recidivism. 

 

IV.                       Glossary, Index, References and Resources.  Chapter 1 defines a number of terms specific to and sex offender management and criminal justice.  Words in boldface within the narrative are defined in the glossary.  The Glossary also serves as an Index.  Chapter 2 offers References for source material cited in the Guide following American Psychological Association publication format.  Following that, this Chapter includes a fairly extensive list of sources for further reading and research with website addresses for relevant agencies and organizations. 

Note that we have included a number of Program Forms available on a CD ROM disk with this Manual.  These are listed as Chapter 3 of this section.  Those who purchase the Guide are welcome to alter and print these forms to use with their programs.  We ask that providers and agencies not distribute these CDs and forms freely; rather we ask that those who use these forms to first purchase this Guide. 

Chapter 4 includes biographical notes outlining the authors’ credentials and professional experiences along with contact information in the event agencies or communities desire training or consultation in aspects of the Containment Approach. 

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                      Table of Contents

 

Sections/Chapters

Page

Introduction

 

 

Acknowledgements

3

 

Foreword

5

 

Table of Contents

 

9

I

SECTION I:  THEORY, THE MODEL, STRATEGY AND RESEARCH

13

1

Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations

·                Corrections

·                Philosophies of Punishment

·                Corrections Theories Discredited by Research

·                Offender Treatment and Rehabilitation

·                Foundations of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

·                Reciprocal Determinism

·                Observations Concerning Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

·                Theoretical and Practical Bases of Polygraph Examinations

·                Corrections and Treatment Models of Deception and the Polygraph

15

15

16

17

20

21

23

24

25

26

2

The Containment Approach Model

·                History: the Treatment Triangle

·                The Containment Approach Model

·                Beyond Monitoring Compliance

·                Theoretical Basis

·                The Containment Team and Their Roles

·                Phases of Treatment

·                Program Propositions (Hypotheses)

29

29

29

31

32

33

34

35

3

The Strategy:  Relapse Prevention and Collaboration

·                Relapse Prevention and the Sexual Assault Cycle

·                Proactive Case Management with the Polygraph

·                Treatment Team Collaboration

37

37

37

43

4

Evidence-Based Practice

·                Corrections Theory

·                “What Works” in Corrections Treatment

·                Offender Assessment and Classification

·                Risk, Need & Responsivity

·                Clinically Appropriate Service

·                Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

·                The “What and How” of Effective Intervention

·                Polygraph Examination Accuracy

·                Post Conviction Sex Offender Testing (PCSOT)

·                Program Outcomes

·                Conclusions

45

45

48

49

52

54

54

56

57

58

59

61

II

SECTION II:  APPLICATIONS AND METHODS

 

63

1

Corrections, Laws, Program Rules, ATSA Standards and Case Law

·                Community Corrections Perspectives

·                Sex Offender Legislation and Corrections Supervision Conditions Ordered by the Court or Parole Board

·                Observations Regarding Legislation, Court and Board Orders and Treatment Rules

·                Conditions of Treatment (Client Contracts)

·                ATSA Standards and Guidelines

·                Case Law Regarding Polygraph Examinations

65

65

 

67

 

69

70

73

74

2

Polygraph Testing of Sexual Offenders (PCSOT)

·                The Three Types of PCSOT Examinations

·                Relevant Questions and Their Clarity

·                Pretest and Posttest Interviews

·                Consequences for Polygraph Results

·                Managing Deception Indicated  Results

·                Methods to Manage  Test Results

·                Identifying a Competent PCSOT Examiner

77

77

78

80

80

81

81

85

3

Phase One – Responsibility for Offense, Offender Evaluation, and Accountability Reports

·                Responsibility for Offense

·                Dealing with Deception Indicated Results

·                Other Possibilities

·                Offender Evaluation

·                Accountability Reports

 

87

87

88

89

90

91

4

Phase Two - Full Sexual History Disclosure

·                Appeals Court Decisions

·                Reasons for Immunity from Prosecution

·                Mandatory Reporting

·                Full Sexual History Disclosure

·                Dealing with Deception Indicated PCSOT Results

95

95

96

97

98

98



5

Denial and Sanctions

·                Denial in Sex Offenders

·                Denial and the Community

·                Denial and the Criminal Justice System

·                Denial and the Polygraph

·                Treating Sex Offenders Who Remain in Denial

·                Sanctions

·                Denial and the Victim

101

101

102

103

103

104

104

105

6

Phase Three:  Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

·                The Containment Approach Revisited

·                CBT Sex Offender Therapy

·                Thinking Errors and Cognitive Restructuring

·                Cognitive Skills and Social Skills

·                Supervision and Management of Privileges

107

107

108

109

110

112

7

Interventions to Reduce Sexual Arousal

·                Medical Interventions

·                Behavioral Interventions

115

115

116

III

SECTION III:  COLLABORATION, CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

119

1

Community Collaboration

·                Offender Challenges

·                Other Community Pressures

·                Criminal Justice Agencies

·                Mutual Support and Conflict Resolution

121

122

122

122

123

2

Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research

·                Conclusions

·                Suggestions for Further Research

126

126

127

IV